Pro Max 5x quota exhausted in 1.5 hours despite moderate usage

Preflight Checklist

• I have searched existing issues and this hasn't been reported yet
• This is a single bug report (please file separate reports for different bugs)
• I am using the latest version of Claude Code

What's Wrong?

Summary

On a Pro Max 5x (Opus) plan, quota resets at a fixed interval. After reset, with moderate usage (mostly Q&A, light development), quota was exhausted within 1.5 hours. Prior to reset, 5 hours of heavy development (multi-file implementation, graphify pipeline, multi-agent spawns) consumed the previous quota window

Investigation reveals the likely root cause: cache_read tokens appear to count at full rate against the rate limit, negating the cost benefit of prompt caching for quota purposes.

Environment

• Plan: Pro Max 5x
• Model: claude-opus-4-6 (1M context)
• Platform: Claude Code CLI on WSL2
• Session: Single continued session with 2 auto-compacts

Data Collection Method

All data extracted from ~/.claude/projects/*//*.jsonl session files, specifically the usage object on each API response:

{
  "cache_read_input_tokens": ...,
  "cache_creation_input_tokens": ...,
  "input_tokens": ...,
  "output_tokens": ...
}

Measured Token Consumption

Window 1: 15:00-20:00 (5 hours, heavy development)

Workload: Full feature implementation (Express server + iOS app), graphify knowledge graph pipeline, SPEC-driven multi-agent coordination. 2 auto-compacts as context hit ~960k.

Window 2: 20:00-21:30 (1.5 hours, moderate usage)

Main session (vibehq):

Other sessions running (background, not actively used by user):

The Problem

If cache_read counts at 1/10 rate (expected):

Window 2 total: 13.1M effective tokens in 1.5 hours = 8.7M/hr

This should NOT exhaust a Pro Max 5x quota. For comparison, Window 1 consumed 24.4M effective tokens/ho

If cache_read counts at full rate (suspected actual behavior):

Window 2 total: 103.9M + 1.4M + 387k = 105.7M tokens in 1.5 hours = 70.5M/hr

This would explain quota exhaustion, but means prompt caching provides zero benefit for rate limiting.

Context Size Progression

The session file shows context growing and compacting cyclically:

Segment 1: 32k → 783k (835 calls) → auto-compact
Segment 2: 39k → 966k (1,842 calls) → auto-compact
Segment 3: 55k → 182k (222 calls) → still active

Each API call sends the full context as input. With a 1M context window, calls near the compact threshold send ~960k tokens each. Even with prompt caching, if cache_read counts at full rate against quota, a single call costs ~960k quota tokens.

Specific Issues

1. Cache read token accounting against rate limits

Expected: cache_read tokens should count at reduced rate (1/10) against rate limits, matching the reduced cost.

Observed: Quota exhaustion rate is consistent with cache_read counting at full rate.

Impact: On a 1M context window, each API call sends ~100-960k tokens. With 200+ calls per hour (normal for tool-heavy Claude Code usage), quota depletes in minutes regardless of caching.

2. Background sessions consume shared quota

Sessions left open in other terminals continue making API calls (compacts, retros, hook processing) even when the user is not actively interacting. These consume from the same quota pool.

In this case, token-analysis (296 calls) and career-ops (173 calls) were running without active user interaction but still consuming significant quota.

3. Auto-compact creates expensive spikes

Each auto-compact event results in one API call with the full pre-compact context (~966k tokens) as cache_creation, followed by a fresh start. This means the most expensive single call happens automatically, without user action.

4. 1M context window amplifies the problem

Larger context window = more tokens per call = faster quota depletion. The 1M window is marketed as a feature but becomes counterproductive when cache_read tokens count at full rate against quota.

Reproduction

1. Start Claude Code with Opus on Pro Max 5x
2. Have ~/.claude/rules/ with ~30 rule files (~19k tokens fixed overhead)
3. Work on a project with tool-heavy operations (file reads, builds, tests)
4. Observe context growing via /context command
5. After 200-300 tool calls, check quota — it will be significantly depleted
6. Leave 2-3 other Claude Code sessions open in other terminals
7. After quota reset, observe quota depleting even with minimal active usage

Expected Behavior

• cache_read tokens should count at their reduced rate (1/10) against rate limits
• Background/idle sessions should not consume significant quota
• Auto-compact should not create outsized quota spikes
• Pro Max 5x should sustain at least 2-3 hours of moderate Opus usage per quota window

Actual Behavior

• Quota exhausted in 1.5 hours with moderate usage (8.7M effective tokens/hour)
• Background sessions consumed 78% of post-reset quota
• Total raw tokens sent (105.7M) is consistent with cache_read counting at full rate

Suggested Improvements

1. Clarify cache_read quota accounting: Document whether cache_read tokens count at full or reduced rate against rate limits
2. Rate limit by effective tokens: Count cache_read at 1/10 rate for rate limiting, matching the cost reduction
3. Session idle detection: Don't count idle session overhead against quota, or warn users about open sessions
4. Quota visibility: Show real-time token consumption breakdown in Claude Code (cache_read vs cache_create vs input vs output)
5. Context-aware quota estimates: Before operations, estimate quota cost based on current context size

What Should Happen?

The token usage cannot be consumed at this speed.

Error Messages/Logs

Steps to Reproduce

It's hard to reproduct but I can provdie the log.

Claude Model

None

Is this a regression?

Yes, this worked in a previous version

Last Working Version

No response

Claude Code Version

v2.1.97

Platform

Anthropic API

Operating System

Ubuntu/Debian Linux

Terminal/Shell

WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux)

Additional Information

No response